Three Cutting-Edge Technologies.
One Intelligent System.

PolicyGraph combines semantic web, causal inference, and advanced
NLP to understand insurance documents like never before.

The Technology Stack

Why we use technologies most insurance platforms don't

Semantic Web (RDF/OWL)

What it is: W3C standard for representing knowledge as interconnected graphs, not tables.

Why we use it: Insurance isn't rows and columns. It's relationships. "Coverage HAS benefits UNLESS exceptions apply."

Benefit: True understanding, not just text search. We model how insurance actually works.

Causal Inference

What it is: Mathematical framework for modeling cause-effect relationships and conditional logic.

Why we use it: Insurance is all "IF death THEN payout UNLESS suicide within 13 months." Traditional databases can't model this.

Benefit: Answer "what if?" questions accurately. Handle complex conditional logic.

Advanced NLP

What it is: Natural language processing with conditional logic extraction and BM25 ranking.

Why we use it: Extract structure and conditions from natural language. No manual data entry.

Benefit: Automatically process new policies. Scale infinitely.

What PolicyGraph "Sees"

While other systems see text, we see structure and logic

Knowledge Graph Visualization

Life Insurance
Coverage
→ has benefit →
Death Benefit
$500,000
↓ requires ↓
✓ Policy Active
✓ Premiums Paid
↓ unless ↓
✗ Suicide < 13mo
✗ Fraud Detected
✗ During Crime

This graph representation enables "what if" queries that traditional databases cannot answer

How It Works: The Pipeline

1. Document Ingestion

Upload policy PDFs or connect to document management systems. We handle any format.

2. Structure Extraction

NLP extracts headers, sections, tables, and hierarchies. Builds document structure automatically.

3. Entity Recognition

Identifies coverages, benefits, exclusions, waiting periods, dollar amounts, and conditions.

4. Conditional Logic Extraction

Extracts "unless," "provided," "if" clauses. Builds causal rule graphs. This is our secret sauce.

5. Knowledge Graph Construction

Creates RDF triples linking entities and relationships. Enriches with content analysis (readability, complexity, etc.).

6. Search Index Building

Builds BM25 index for text search. Combines with graph queries for hybrid retrieval.

7. Query & Reasoning

Answer questions using: BM25 text search + SPARQL graph queries + causal reasoning. Get instant, accurate answers with full provenance.

PolicyGraph vs Traditional Approaches

Feature Traditional Database Keyword Search PolicyGraph
Handle "What if?" queries ❌ No ❌ No ✅ Yes
Understand conditional logic ⚠️ Limited ❌ No ✅ Full support
Find exceptions automatically ❌ No ⚠️ Manual search ✅ Automatic
Explain reasoning ❌ No ❌ No ✅ Full provenance
Automatic policy ingestion ❌ Manual entry ⚠️ Text only ✅ Fully automatic
Ranked search results ❌ No ranking ⚠️ Basic TF-IDF ✅ BM25 + semantic
Handle policy updates ⚠️ Manual changes ⚠️ Re-index only ✅ Automatic detection
Cross-policy queries ⚠️ Complex SQL ❌ One at a time ✅ Native support

Built on Research

PolicyGraph combines academic research with practical engineering

Semantic Web Standards

Built on W3C RDF, OWL, and SPARQL standards. Interoperable, extensible, future-proof.

Standards: RDF 1.1, OWL 2, SPARQL 1.1

Causal Inference Theory

Based on Pearl's causal hierarchy and do-calculus for modeling interventions and counterfactuals.

Research: Causal graphs, SCM models

Information Retrieval

BM25 ranking algorithm (Okapi BM25) proven superior to TF-IDF for document retrieval.

Research: Robertson & Zaragoza, 2009

Natural Language Processing

Dependency parsing, named entity recognition, and relation extraction from unstructured text.

Tools: spaCy, custom insurance NER

Readability Science

Flesch-Kincaid readability formulas validated across millions of documents.

Metrics: Reading ease, grade level

Ongoing Research

Partnerships with universities on insurance document understanding and causal reasoning.

Publications: Conference papers in progress

See the Technology in Action

Experience how semantic web + causal inference solves insurance complexity

45-minute deep-dive with our CTO • Architecture walkthrough • Q&A